Social scientists and policymakers increasingly use large quantities of data to make
decisions and test theories. For example, political campaigns use surveys, marketing
data, and previous voting history to optimally target get out the vote drives.
Governments deploy predictive algorithms in an attempt to optimize public policy
processes and decisions. And political scientists use massive new data sets to measure
the extent of partisan polarization in Congress, the sources and consequences of media
bias, and the prevalence of discrimination in the workplace.